What is a cyst in women?

What is a cyst in women?

A cyst is a small sac or lump that forms inside the body, usually filled with fluid, semi-solid, or other material. It can be caused by many reasons, and cysts can be found in different parts of the body in women.

Common types of cysts in women

1) Ovarian cyst

A small sac formed in the ovary.

Most of the time, it is harmless and will break on its own.

If it is large or problematic, it can cause pain, irregular menstruation, and swelling.

2) Breast cyst

A small fluid-filled sac inside the breast.

It is usually not cancerous, but it is important to get tested to be sure.

3) Bartholin’s cyst

When the Bartholin glands on either side of the vagina become blocked, fluid accumulates and becomes swollen.

4) Dermoid Cyst

May occur in the ovary, may also contain hair, teeth or skin tissue (because it is made from fetal tissue).

Symptoms (if the cyst is causing problems)

Pressure/pain in the abdomen or waist

Irregular menstruation

Sudden severe pain (if the cyst ruptures or twists)

A hard lump in the breast

Unusual swelling in the vagina

What to do

If you find a cyst, do not panic and consult a doctor.

Ultrasonography or other tests are done to see what kind of cyst it is (small/large, harmful/harmless).

If it is small and not a problem, it usually goes away with medication/time.

If it is large or there is a risk of cancer, surgery is performed.

Women with cysts and infertility

Many women may have problems conceiving due to cysts (especially ovarian cysts), but not all cysts cause infertility.

Understand the basics

1) Ovarian cyst

A fluid-filled sac in the ovary.

A small, normal cyst (functional cyst) usually does not cause problems and breaks down on its own within a few months.

However, some special types of cysts can cause infertility.

2) Which types of cysts cause problems in pregnancy?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS/PCOD)

Many small cysts are present in the ovaries.

Ovulation is irregular, making it difficult to conceive.

Symptoms: irregular periods, weight gain, acne, excess hair on the face or body.

Endometrioma (Endometrioma / Chocolate cyst)

Cysts form when uterine tissue grows in or around the ovary.

Severe pain during menstruation.

The normal functioning of the ovaries is disrupted, causing problems with conceiving.

Dermoid cysts or large cysts

Can damage or block the ovaries and affect fertility.

3) When is it necessary to see a doctor

If you have not tried to conceive for 1 year (age < 35 years).

If you have not tried for 6 months (age > 35 years).

If you have irregular menstruation, excessive pain, or weight/hormonal problems.

Treatment and solutions

PCOS → Lifestyle changes (weight loss, exercise, healthy diet), hormonal drugs, fertility treatment if necessary.

Endometriosis/endometrioma → Medication or laparoscopy operation.

Large cysts → Surgical removal.

With modern medicine, many women have successfully become mothers despite having cysts.

What to do for you

See a gynecologist/fertility specialist.

Get an ultrasound + hormone test.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle (weight control, exercise, smoking/alcohol avoidance).